Unit – VIII

Unit – VIII
Colonial Economy: Changing Composition, Volume and Direction of Trade.

Expansion and Commercialization of Agriculture, Land Rights, Land Settlements, Rural Indebtedness, Landless Labour, Irrigation and Canal System.

Decline of Industries – Changing Socio-Economic Conditions of Artisans; De-urbanisation; Economic Drain; World Wars and Economy.

British Industrial Policy; Major Modern Industries; Nature of Factory Legislation; Labour and Trade Union Movements.

Monetary Policy, Banking, Currency and Exchange, Railways and Road Transport, Communications – Post & Telegraph.

Growth of New Urban Centres; New Features of Town Planning and Architecture, Urban Society and Urban Problems.


Famines, Epidemics and the Government Policy.

Tribal and Peasant Movements.

 Indian Society in Transition: Contact with Christianity – the Missions and Missionaries; Critique of Indian Social and Economic Practices and Religious Beliefs; Educational and Other Activities.

The New Education – Government Policy; Levels and Contents; English Language; Development of Science, Technology, Public Health & Medicine – Towads Modernism

Indian Renaissance – Socio-Religious Reforms; Emergence of Middle Class; Caste Associations and Caste Mobility

Women’s Question – Nationalist Discourse; Women’s Organisations; British Legislation concerning Women, Gender Identity & Constitutional Position.

The Printing Press – Journalistic Activity and the Public opinion

Modernisation of Indian Languages and Literary Forms – Reorientation in Painting, Music and Performing Arts.