Unit – X

Unit – X

Historical Method, Research, Methodology and Historiography:

 Scope and Importance of History
 Objectivity and Bias in History
 Heuristics Operation, Criticism in History, Synthesis and Presentation
History and its Auxiliary Sciences History a Science, Arts or a Social Science
Causation and Imagination in History
 Significance of Regional History
 Recent Trends of Indian History
Research Methodology
Hypothesis in History
 Area of Proposed Research
 Sources – Data Collection, Primary / Secondary, Original and Transit Sources Trends in Historical Research Recent Indian Historiography Selection of Topic in History Notes Taking, References, Footnotes and Bibliography Thesis and Assignment Writing Plagiarism, Intellectual Dishonesty and History Writing Beginnings of Historical Writings – Greek, Roman and Church Historiography Renaissance and its Impact on History Writing Negative and Positive Schools of Historical Writing Berlin Revolution in History Writing – Von Ranke Marxist Philosophy of History – Scientific Materialism Cyclical Theory of History – Oswald Spengler Challenge and Response Theory – Arnold Joseph Toynbee Post – Modernism in History